This article continues our exploration of wave energy, following on from the insights shared in our previous articles, The Power of Ocean Energy: Small-Scale Solutions for Sustainable Communities and Eco Wave Power Gibraltar: A Small-Scale Wave Energy Breakthrough.

While earlier articles introduced the potential of small-scale wave energy systems and highlighted the pioneering Eco Wave Power Gibraltar project, this piece dives into emerging technologies under development and examines their challenges and future prospects.

Key Innovations in Development

WaveRoller by AW-Energy

Overview:
Finnish company AW-Energy has been developing its WaveRoller technology, a system that captures energy from nearshore waves close to the ocean floor. While current implementations are designed for larger-scale projects, researchers are exploring ways to downscale this technology for smaller applications.

Technology:
WaveRoller operates using oscillating panels anchored to the seabed. As waves move back and forth, these panels sway, converting kinetic wave energy into hydraulic power. This hydraulic energy is then transferred to a turbine and generator system, producing electricity. The design enables efficient energy extraction from surging wave motion, which is particularly prominent in shallow coastal areas.

Potential and Scalability:

• Efficiency Gains: Wave energy has a higher energy density than wind or solar, meaning even small-scale systems can provide significant power output.
• Adaptability: Future iterations could be designed for modular deployment, allowing small coastal communities or even individual households to install compact units.
• Durability Improvements: Advancements in corrosion-resistant materials and adaptive control systems could enhance the longevity and efficiency of scaled-down versions.
• Hybrid Energy Solutions: Combining WaveRoller technology with solar panels or battery storage could offer reliable off-grid power for remote locations.

Wello’s Penguin Device

Overview:

Another Finnish innovation, the Penguin device by Wello Oy, harnesses wave energy through a unique rotating mass inside a floating vessel. Unlike traditional wave energy converters, the Penguin operates without hydraulic components, making it a mechanically simpler and more durable solution. The motion of ocean waves causes the vessel to oscillate, which in turn drives the internal mass and generates electricity.

Technology:

• Asymmetrical Design: The vessel’s asymmetrical shape enables it to capture energy from waves coming from all directions, maximizing power output.
• Rotational Energy Conversion: Instead of using pistons or turbines, the internal rotating mass inside the floating structure converts wave movement into rotational kinetic energy, which then drives an electricity generator.
• No External Moving Parts: The absence of external mechanical components minimizes wear and tear, reducing maintenance costs and improving long-term reliability.

Potential and Scalability:

• Durability in Harsh Conditions: The device has been tested in North Atlantic waters, where it withstood extreme weather and powerful waves, demonstrating its resilience and operational efficiency in various marine environments.
• Modular Deployment: The scalable design allows for both standalone units and large arrays, making it suitable for small coastal communities, islands, and grid-connected power farms.
• Low Maintenance & Cost Efficiency: The sealed, self-contained system requires minimal upkeep compared to traditional wave energy technologies, lowering long-term operational costs.
• Hybrid Applications: Potential integration with offshore wind farms or aquaculture facilities could provide stable, year-round renewable energy solutions.

wello reports on penguin wave energy convertor

Bombora’s mWave

Overview:

Australian company Bombora is developing mWave, a submerged membrane-style wave energy converter designed for nearshore installations. Unlike surface-based wave energy systems, mWave operates beneath the water, reducing visual impact and exposure to harsh weather conditions. Its low-profile design makes it suitable for both commercial and small-scale applications, particularly in coastal communities and island grids.

Technology:

• Flexible Membrane System: As ocean waves pass over the submerged structure, the flexible membrane deflects, causing air to be pushed through a series of chambers.
• Airflow-Driven Turbine: The compressed air is directed through a unidirectional turbine, which efficiently converts wave motion into continuous electrical power.
• Fixed Seabed Installation: Unlike floating wave energy converters, mWave is anchored to the seabed, providing stability and reducing mechanical stress from extreme wave conditions.

Potential and Scalability:

• Scalable & Modular Design: The system can be expanded or downscaled, making it adaptable for small, community-level energy production or large-scale commercial arrays.
• High Energy Density: Submerged wave energy systems can capture more consistent power due to reduced exposure to surface-level turbulence.
• Low Environmental Impact: The underwater design minimizes visual and noise pollution, making it an attractive option for eco-sensitive marine environments.
• Hybrid Renewable Energy Solutions: Potential for integration with offshore wind farms or solar energy platforms, creating multi-source renewable power hubs.

Challenges in Small-Scale Wave Energy Development

Despite promising advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of small-scale wave energy systems:

Cost vs. Efficiency:

Developing cost-effective solutions remains a significant hurdle. Wave energy systems are often more expensive per kilowatt compared to solar or wind technologies.
Early-stage prototypes must demonstrate competitive energy output to justify their adoption.
Environmental Impact:

While small-scale systems generally have lower ecological footprints, concerns remain about potential disturbances to marine ecosystems.
Regulatory approvals and compliance processes can delay deployments.
Energy Storage and Variability:

Wave energy is inherently variable, dependent on oceanic and weather conditions.
Integrating these systems with reliable storage solutions is critical for consistent energy supply.
Scaling Down Complex Systems:

Technologies designed for large-scale projects must be re-engineered to work efficiently on a smaller scale, a process that requires significant investment in R&D.

The Road Ahead: What to Expect by 2025

While small-scale wave energy technologies are still in their infancy, several promising developments are set to shape the field in the coming years:

Pilot Projects: Early-stage systems like Exowave are expected to begin pilot testing in various regions, providing valuable data on performance and scalability.
Hybrid Solutions: Developers may integrate wave energy with other renewable sources such as solar or wind to address energy variability and improve efficiency.
Policy Support: Increased governmental focus on renewable energy could result in subsidies and incentives, encouraging the adoption of small-scale systems.
By 2025, small-scale wave energy systems could become a viable addition to the renewable energy market, offering sustainable solutions for off-grid communities and eco-conscious consumers.

Source List

AW-Energy WaveRoller
Bombora’s mWave
Exowave Official Website

Acknowledgment of AI

Content developed using AI technology, with final review and refinement by our human editors to ensure clarity, coherence, and accuracy.